The Company and Business Activities

Biocept, Inc., the Company, was founded in California in May 1997 and is a molecular oncology diagnostics company that develops and commercializes proprietary circulating tumor cell and circulating cell-free tumor DNA assays utilizing a standard blood sample, or liquid biopsy. The Company’s current and planned assays are intended to provide information to aid healthcare providers to identify specific oncogenic alterations that may qualify a subset of cancer patients for targeted therapy at diagnosis, progression or for monitoring to identify specific resistance mechanisms. Sometimes traditional procedures, such as surgical tissue biopsies, result in tumor tissue that is insufficient and/or unable to provide the molecular subtype information necessary for clinical decisions. The Company’s assays, performed on blood and cerebral spinal fluid, have the potential to provide more contemporaneous information on the characteristics of a patient’s disease when compared with tissue biopsy and radiographic imaging. Further, sales to laboratory supply distributors of the Company’s proprietary specimen collection tubes, or SCTs, commenced in June 2018, which allow for the intact transport of liquid biopsy samples for research use only, or RUO, from regions around the world.

The Company operates a clinical laboratory that is CLIA-certified (under the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendment of 1988) and CAP-accredited (by the College of American Pathologists), and manufactures cell enrichment and extraction microfluidic channels, related equipment and certain reagents to perform the Company’s diagnostic assays in a facility located in San Diego, California. CLIA certification and accreditation are required before any clinical laboratory may perform testing on human specimens for the purpose of obtaining information for the diagnosis, prevention, treatment of disease, or assessment of health. The assays the Company offers are classified as laboratory developed tests under the CLIA regulations.

In July 2013, the Company effected a reincorporation to Delaware by merging itself with and into Biocept, Inc., a Delaware corporation, which had been formed to be and was a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company since July 23, 2013.

In January 2020, the Company adapted and validated its proprietary blood-based liquid biopsy technology for commercial and clinical research use in CSF to identify tumor cells that have metastasized to the central nervous system, or CNS, in patients with advanced lung cancer or breast cancer. CNSide has been designed to improve the clinical management of patients with suspected metastatic cancer involving the CNS by enabling the quantitative analysis and molecular characterization of tumor cells and cell-free tumor DNA and RNA in the CSF. Since then, we have worked extensively with leading neuro-oncologists and other cancer experts to further define and characterize the use of this unique assay.

In June 2020, we launched a COVID-19 diagnostic (assay manufactured by Thermo-Fisher) which broadened our assay menu to meet the community testing needs due to the emergence of COVID-19.

The Company experienced increased revenue levels in 2022 and 2021 related to its COVID-19 testing business. In February 2023, due to reduced demand, the Company ceased COVID-19 testing services.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited condensed financial statements and notes are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, or U.S. GAAP, and are prepared on the basis that the Company will continue as a going concern (see Note 2). The accompanying financial statements and notes do not include any adjustments to reflect the possible future effects on the recoverability and classification of assets or the amounts and classification of liabilities that may result from the possible inability of the Company to continue as a going concern.

The unaudited condensed financial statements included in this Form 10-Q have been prepared in accordance with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, instructions for Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q. Accordingly, the condensed financial statements are unaudited and do not contain all the information required by GAAP to be included in a full set of financial statements. The balance sheet at December 31, 2022 has been derived from the audited financial statements at that date but does not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for a complete set of financial statements. The audited financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2022, filed with the SEC with our Annual Report on Form 10-K on April 17, 2023, include a summary of our significant accounting policies and should be read in conjunction with this Form 10-Q. In the opinion of management, all material adjustments necessary to present fairly the results of operations for such periods have been included in this Form 10-Q. All such adjustments are of a normal recurring nature. The results of operations for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations for the entire year.

Reclassification

The Company reclassified the change in inventory reserve for the three months ended March 31, 2022 of approximately $0.1 million within the condensed statement of cash flows to conform to the current year presentation. The change in inventory reserve is now included in the increase (decrease) in cash resulting from changes in inventory within the cash flows from operating activities. This reclassification had no effect on previously reported cash flows from operating activities in the unaudited condensed statement of cash flows.

Significant Accounting Policies

During the three months ended March 31, 2023, there were no changes to our significant accounting policies as described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022.

Revenue Recognition and Accounts Receivable

The Company's commercial revenues are generated from diagnostic services provided to patients' physicians and billed to third-party insurance payors such as managed care organizations, Medicare and Medicaid and patients for any deductibles, coinsurance or copayments that may be due. The Company recognizes revenue in accordance with ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, which requires that an entity recognize revenue when it transfers promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services.

Contracts

For its commercial revenues, while the Company markets directly to physicians and other healthcare providers, the Company provides services that benefit the patient. Patients do not typically enter into direct agreements with the Company; however, a patient’s insurance coverage requirements would dictate whether or not any portion of the cost of the tests would be patient responsibility. Accordingly, the Company establishes contracts with commercial insurers in accordance with customary business practices, as follows:

The Company’s development services revenues are supported by contractual agreements and generated from assay development services provided to entities, such as pharma or biotech organizations, as well as certain other diagnostic services provided to physicians, and revenues are recognized upon delivery of the performance obligations in the contract.

Performance Obligations

A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct good or service, or a bundle of goods or services, to the customer. For its commercial and development services revenues, the Company’s contracts have a single performance obligation, which is satisfied upon rendering of services, which culminates in the delivery of a patient’s assay result(s) to the ordering physician or entity. The duration of time between accession receipt and delivery of a valid assay result to the ordering physician or entity is typically less than two weeks, and for our RT-PCR COVID-19 testing, was typically 48 hours or less. Accordingly, the Company elected the practical expedient and therefore, does not disclose the value of unsatisfied performance obligations.

Transaction Price

The transaction price is the amount of consideration that the Company expects to collect in exchange for transferring promised goods or services to a customer, excluding amounts collected on behalf of third parties, such as sales taxes. The consideration expected from a contract with a customer may include fixed amounts, variable amounts, or both. The Company’s gross commercial revenues billed, and corresponding gross accounts receivable, subject to price concessions to arrive at reported net revenues, which relate to differences between amounts billed and corresponding amounts estimated to be subsequently collected and is deemed to be variable although the variability is not explicitly stated in any contract. Rather, the variability is due to several factors, such as the payment history or lack thereof for third-party payors, reimbursement rate changes for contracted and non-contracted payors, any patient co-payments, deductibles or compliance incentives, the existence of secondary payors and claim denials. The Company estimates the amount of variable consideration using the most likely amount approach to estimating variable consideration for third-party payors, including direct patient bills, whereby the estimated reimbursement for services is established by payment histories on CPT codes for each payor, or similar payor types. When no payment history is available, the value of the account is estimated at Medicare rates, with additional other payor-specific reserves taken as appropriate. Collection periods for billings on commercial revenues range from less than 30 days to several months, depending on the contracted or non-contracted nature of the payor, among other variables. The estimates of amounts that will ultimately be realized from commercial diagnostic services for non-contracted payors require significant judgment by management.

The Company limits the amount of variable consideration included in the transaction price to the unconstrained portion of such consideration. Revenue is recognized up to the amount of variable consideration that is not subject to a significant reversal until additional information is obtained or the uncertainty associated with the additional payments or refunds is subsequently resolved. Differences between original estimates and subsequent revisions, including final settlements, represent changes in the estimate of implicit price concessions and are included in the period in which such revisions are made. The Company monitors its estimates of transaction price to depict conditions that exist at each reporting date. If the Company subsequently determines that it will collect more consideration than it originally estimated for a contract with a customer, it will account for the change as an increase in the estimate of the transaction price in the period identified as an increase to revenue. Similarly, if the Company subsequently determines that the amount it expects to collect from a customer is less than it originally estimated, it will generally account for the change as a decrease in the estimate of the transaction price as a decrease to revenue.

Allocate Transaction Price

For the Company’s commercial revenues, the entire transaction price is allocated to the single performance obligation contained in a contract with a customer. For the Company’s development services revenues, the contracted transaction price is allocated to each single performance obligation contained in a contract with a customer as performed.

Point-in-time Recognition

The Company’s single performance obligation is satisfied at a point in time, and that point in time is defined as the date a patient’s successful assay result is delivered to the patient’s ordering physician or entity. The Company considers this date to be the time at which the patient obtains control of the promised diagnostic assay service.

Contract Balances

The timing of revenue recognition, billings and cash collections results in accounts receivable recorded in the Company’s condensed balance sheets. Generally, billing occurs subsequent to delivery of a patient’s test result to the ordering physician or entity, resulting in an account receivable.

Practical Expedients

The Company does not adjust the transaction price for the effects of a significant financing component, as at contract inception, the Company expects the collection cycle to be one year or less.

The Company expenses sales commissions when incurred because the amortization period is one year or less. These costs are recorded within sales and marketing expenses.

The Company incurs certain other costs that are incurred regardless of whether a contract is obtained. Such costs are primarily related to legal services and patient communications. These costs are expensed as incurred and recorded within general and administrative expenses.

Disaggregation of Revenue and Concentration of Risk

Revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 included $0.7 million and $19.9 million, respectively, in commercial test revenues, including $0.2 million and $18.6 million of revenues attributable to RT-PCR COVID-19 testing. As of March 31, 2023, there were no unbilled accounts receivable.

Concentrations of credit risk with respect to revenues are primarily limited to geographies to which the Company provides a significant volume of its services, and to specific third-party payors of the Company’s services such as Medicare, insurance companies, and other third-party payors. The Company’s client base consists of many geographically dispersed clients diversified across various customer types.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments- Credit Losses, which requires the measurement of expected credit losses for financial instruments carried at amortized cost, such as accounts receivable, held at the reporting date based on historical experience, current conditions and reasonable forecasts. The main objective of this standard is to provide financial statement users with more decision-useful information about the expected credit losses on financial instruments and other commitments to extend credit held by a reporting entity at each reporting period. In November 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-19, Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments- Credit Losses, which included an amendment of the effective date. The standard is effective for the

Company for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2022. The Company adopted this standard on January 1, 2023, which did not have an impact on its financial statements.

In September 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-04, Liabilities-Supplier Finance Programs, to enhance the transparency of supplier finance programs. The main objective of this standard requires a buyer in a supplier finance program to disclose sufficient information about the program to allow a user of financial statements to understand the program’s nature, activity during the period, changes from period to period, and potential magnitude. The standard is effective for the Company for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2022, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company adopted this standard on January 1, 2023, which did not have an impact on its financial statements.

The following provides certain balance sheet details (in thousands):