Document and Entity Information - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
Document and Entity Information - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2016	Mar. 24, 2017	Jun. 30, 2016
Document And Entity Information [Abstract]
Document Type	10-K
Amendment Flag	false
Document Period End Date	Dec. 31, 2016
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2016
Document Fiscal Period Focus	FY
Trading Symbol	BIOC
Entity Registrant Name	BIOCEPT INC
Entity Central Index Key	0001044378
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer	No
Entity Voluntary Filers	No
Entity Filer Category	Smaller Reporting Company
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		22,280,247
Entity Public Float			$ 14,573,995

Balance Sheets - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Current assets:
Cash	$ 4,609,332	$ 8,821,329
Accounts receivable	128,969	34,200
Inventories, net	549,045	349,271
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	484,649	435,938
Total current assets	5,771,995	9,640,738
Fixed assets, net	1,806,331	946,180
Total assets	7,578,326	10,586,918
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	960,486	632,538
Accrued liabilities	1,160,036	966,899
Supplier financings	75,691	42,369
Current portion of equipment financings	262,674	110,924
Current portion of credit facility	1,934,665	1,588,058
Total current liabilities	4,393,552	3,340,788
Non-current portion of equipment financings	778,643	291,189
Non-current portion of credit facility, net	1,123,001	2,638,487
Non-current portion of interest payable	227,177	153,547
Non-current portion of deferred rent	397,292	470,172
Total liabilities	6,919,665	6,894,183
Commitments and contingencies (see Note 16)
Shareholders’ equity:
Preferred stock, $0.0001 par value, 5,000,000 authorized; no shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2015 and 2016.
Common stock, $0.0001 par value, 40,000,000 authorized; 6,556,685 issued and outstanding at December 31, 2015; 150,000,000 authorized; 17,499,397 issued and outstanding at December 31, 2016.	1,750	656
Additional paid-in capital	174,292,781	158,928,627
Accumulated deficit	(173,635,870)	(155,236,548)
Total shareholders’ equity	658,661	3,692,735
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$ 7,578,326	$ 10,586,918

Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - $ / shares	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Statement Of Financial Position [Abstract]
Preferred stock, par value	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Preferred stock, shares authorized	5,000,000	5,000,000
Preferred stock, shares issued	0	0
Preferred stock, shares outstanding	0	0
Common stock, par value	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Common stock, shares authorized	150,000,000	40,000,000
Common stock, shares issued	17,499,397	6,556,685
Common stock, shares outstanding	17,499,397	6,556,685

Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Income Statement [Abstract]
Revenues:	$ 3,223,096	$ 609,909
Costs and expenses:
Cost of revenues	6,920,111	4,596,158
Research and development expenses	2,713,367	2,857,770
General and administrative expenses	6,560,425	5,686,398
Sales and marketing expenses	5,054,230	3,880,386
Total costs and expenses	21,248,133	17,020,712
Loss from operations	(18,025,037)	(16,410,803)
Other income/(expense):
Interest expense, net	(525,880)	(639,547)
Other income	153,648	102,432
Total other income/(expense):	(372,232)	(537,115)
Loss before income taxes	(18,397,269)	(16,947,918)
Income tax expense	(2,053)	(1,608)
Net loss and comprehensive loss	$ (18,399,322)	$ (16,949,526)
Weighted-average shares outstanding used in computing net loss per share attributable to common shareholders:
Basic	9,578,285	5,512,989
Diluted	9,578,285	5,512,989
Net loss per common share:
Basic	$ (1.92)	$ (3.07)
Diluted	$ (1.92)	$ (3.07)

Statements of Shareholders' Equity/ (Deficit) - USD ($)	Total	February 2015 Offering [Member]	May 2016 Offering [Member}	October 2016 Offering [Member]	Common Stock [Member]	Common Stock [Member] February 2015 Offering [Member]	Common Stock [Member] May 2016 Offering [Member}	Common Stock [Member] October 2016 Offering [Member]	Additional Paid-in Capital [Member]	Additional Paid-in Capital [Member] February 2015 Offering [Member]	Additional Paid-in Capital [Member] May 2016 Offering [Member}	Additional Paid-in Capital [Member] October 2016 Offering [Member]	Accumulated Deficit [Member]
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2014	$ (220,569)				$ 148				$ 138,066,305				$ (138,287,022)
Beginning balance, shares at Dec. 31, 2014					1,483,199
Net loss	(3,800,728)
Ending balance at Mar. 31, 2015	13,582,795
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2014	(220,569)				$ 148				138,066,305				(138,287,022)
Beginning balance, shares at Dec. 31, 2014					1,483,199
Stock-based compensation expense	1,377,824								1,377,824
Shares issued for restricted stock units					$ 6				(6)
Shares issued for restricted stock units, shares					58,003
Shares and warrants issued for public offering, net of issuance costs		$ 8,766,946				$ 267				$ 8,766,679
Shares and warrants issued for public offering, net of issuance costs, shares						2,666,666
Shares issued pursuant to stock purchase agreement, net of issuance costs	958,000				$ 26				957,974
Shares issued pursuant to stock purchase agreement, net of issuance costs, shares					263,334
Shares issued upon exercise of common stock warrants	9,760,060				$ 209				9,759,851
Shares issued upon exercise of common stock warrants, shares					2,085,483
Net loss	(16,949,526)												(16,949,526)
Ending balance at Dec. 31, 2015	3,692,735				$ 656				158,928,627				(155,236,548)
Ending balance, shares at Dec. 31, 2015					6,556,685
Beginning balance at Mar. 31, 2015	13,582,795
Net loss	(4,035,105)
Ending balance at Jun. 30, 2015	11,049,961
Net loss	(4,496,193)
Ending balance at Sep. 30, 2015	6,928,277
Net loss	(4,617,500)
Ending balance at Dec. 31, 2015	3,692,735				$ 656				158,928,627				(155,236,548)
Ending balance, shares at Dec. 31, 2015					6,556,685
Net loss	(4,875,198)
Ending balance at Mar. 31, 2016	(489,231)
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2015	3,692,735				$ 656				158,928,627				(155,236,548)
Beginning balance, shares at Dec. 31, 2015					6,556,685
Stock-based compensation expense	1,593,947								1,593,947
Shares issued for restricted stock units					$ 1				(1)
Shares issued for restricted stock units, shares					4,449
Shares and warrants issued for public offering, net of issuance costs	1,400,000		$ 4,333,283	$ 8,972,725			$ 166	$ 910			$ 4,333,117	$ 8,971,815
Shares and warrants issued for public offering, net of issuance costs, shares							1,662,191	9,100,000
Shares issued pursuant to stock purchase agreement, net of issuance costs	465,293				$ 17				465,276
Shares issued pursuant to stock purchase agreement, net of issuance costs, shares					173,145
Fractional shares issued upon one-for-three reverse stock split, shares					2,927
Net loss	(18,399,322)												(18,399,322)
Ending balance at Dec. 31, 2016	658,661				$ 1,750				174,292,781				(173,635,870)
Ending balance, shares at Dec. 31, 2016					17,499,397
Beginning balance at Mar. 31, 2016	(489,231)
Net loss	(4,594,174)
Ending balance at Jun. 30, 2016	(419,402)
Net loss	(4,743,076)
Ending balance at Sep. 30, 2016	(4,556,158)
Net loss	(4,186,874)
Ending balance at Dec. 31, 2016	$ 658,661				$ 1,750				$ 174,292,781				$ (173,635,870)
Ending balance, shares at Dec. 31, 2016					17,499,397

Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Cash Flows From Operating Activities
Net loss	$ (18,399,322)	$ (16,949,526)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	322,029	261,409
Inventory reserve	(31,659)	(34,437)
Stock-based compensation	1,593,947	1,377,824
Non-cash interest expense related to credit facility and other financing activities	100,005	119,732
Gain on sale of fixed assets	(30,662)
Increase/(decrease) in cash resulting from changes in:
Accounts receivable	(94,769)	(23,600)
Inventory	(168,115)	(126,106)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	494,734	(80,432)
Accounts payable	332,732	(51,790)
Accrued liabilities	165,543	240,901
Accrued interest	55,444	110,021
Deferred rent	(36,965)	1,163
Net cash used in operating activities	(15,697,058)	(15,154,841)
Cash Flows From Investing Activities:
Proceeds from sale of fixed assets	30,662
Purchases of fixed assets	(482,065)	(165,160)
Net cash used in investing activities	(451,403)	(165,160)
Cash Flows From Financing Activities:
Net proceeds from issuance of common stock and warrants	13,771,301	9,788,057
Proceeds from exercise of common stock warrants		9,760,060
Payments on equipment financings	(86,227)	(74,697)
Payments on supplier and other third party financings	(510,123)	(71,232)
Payments on line of credit	(1,238,487)	(625,440)
Net cash provided by financing activities	11,936,464	18,776,748
Net increase/(decrease) in Cash	(4,211,997)	3,456,747
Cash at Beginning of Period	8,821,329	5,364,582
Cash at End of Period	4,609,332	8,821,329
Cash paid during the period for:
Interest	358,632	405,715
Taxes	$ 2,053	$ 2,184

Statements of Cash Flows (Parenthetical) - USD ($)				12 Months Ended
Statements of Cash Flows (Parenthetical) - USD ($)	Oct. 19, 2016	May 04, 2016	Dec. 31, 2014	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Issuance of warrants to purchase shares of common stock		1,163,526
Exercise price of warrants		$ 3.90
Warrants to purchase common stock, period		5 years		5 years
Issuance of warrants to purchase shares of common stock, grant date fair value	$ 5,200,000	$ 2,000,000		$ 7,700,000
Overallotment issued to underwriter to purchase common stock, period	30 days			45 days
Common shares issuable to underwriters under granted option				400,000
Purchase of common stock by underwriters to cover overallotments, per share	$ 1.0331			$ 3.75
Overallotment option issued to underwriters under warrants granted				400,000
Common stock, par value	$ 0.0009			$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Grant date fair values of overallotment options	$ 800,000			$ 1,600,000
Offering costs recorded in prepaid expenses and other current assets reclassified to common stock issuance costs			$ 63,111
Offering fees and costs recorded within common stock issuance costs as an offset to additional paid in capital	$ 1,000,000	$ 653,000
Estimated grant date fair value of warrants	$ 0.57
Fixed assets purchased under capital lease obligations				975,406	$ 337,085
Fixed assets with an aggregate net book value				270,377
Equipment financings with remaining outstanding balances				239,994
Purchases of fixed assets				19,546	64,300	$ 58,066
Financed insurance premium through third party financing				547,378	$ 79,896
Cancellation of insurance premiums partial amount received				$ 3,933
Maximum [Member]
Issuance of overallotment options to purchase common stock shares	1,365,000
Purchase of common stock by underwriters to cover overallotments, number of shares	1,365,000
Overallotment Options [Member]
Common stock, par value				$ 0.0003
Roth Capital Partners, LLC and Feltl [Member]
Issuance of warrants to purchase shares of common stock	9,100,000

The Company and Business Activities	12 Months Ended
The Company and Business Activities	Dec. 31, 2016
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
The Company and Business Activities	1. The Company and Business Activities Biocept, Inc., or the Company, was founded in California in May 1997 and is an early stage molecular oncology diagnostics company that develops and commercializes proprietary circulating tumor cell, or CTC, and circulating tumor DNA, or ctDNA, assays utilizing a standard blood sample. The Company’s assays provide, and its planned future assays will provide, information to oncologists and other physicians that enable them to select appropriate personalized treatment for their patients who have been diagnosed with cancer based on molecular drivers and markers of their disease and when traditional methodologies such as tissue biopsies are insufficient or unavailable. The Company’s assays have potential to provide more contemporaneous information on the characteristics of a patients’ disease compared with traditional methodologies such as tissue biopsy and imaging. The Company operates a clinical laboratory that is CLIA-certified (under the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendment of 1988) and CAP-accredited (by the College of American Pathologists), and manufactures cell enrichment and extraction microfluidic channels, related equipment and certain reagents to perform the Company’s diagnostic assays in a facility located in San Diego, California. CLIA certification and accreditation are required before any clinical laboratory may perform testing on human specimens for the purpose of obtaining information for the diagnosis, prevention, treatment of disease, or assessment of health. The assays the Company offers are classified as laboratory developed tests under the CLIA regulations. In July 2013, the Company effected a reincorporation to Delaware by merging itself with and into Biocept, Inc., a Delaware corporation, which had been formed to be and was a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company since July 23, 2013.

Liquidity and Going Concern Uncertainty	12 Months Ended
Liquidity and Going Concern Uncertainty	Dec. 31, 2016
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Liquidity and Going Concern Uncertainty	2. Liquidity and Going Concern Uncertainty As of December 31, 2016, cash totaled $4.6 million and the Company had an accumulated deficit of $173.6 million. For the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2016, the Company incurred net losses of $16.9 million and $18.4 million, respectively. At December 31, 2016, the Company had aggregate net interest-bearing indebtedness of approximately $4.4 million, of which approximately $2.3 million was due within one year in the absence of subjective acceleration of amounts due under a credit facility entered into in April 2014 with Oxford Finance LLC, or the April 2014 Credit Facility, in addition to approximately $2.1 million of other non-interest bearing current liabilities. Additionally, in February 2016, the Company signed a firm, noncancelable, and unconditional commitment in an aggregate amount of $1,062,500 with a vendor to purchase certain inventory items, payable in minimum quarterly installments of $62,500 through May 2020, under which $812,500 remained outstanding at December 31, 2016 (see Note 16). These factors raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for the one year period following the date that these financial statements were issued. The accompanying financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. The financial statements do not include any adjustments to reflect the possible future effects on the recoverability and classification of assets or the amounts and classification of liabilities that may result from the possible inability of the Company to continue as a going concern. While the Company is currently in the commercialization stage of operations, the Company has not yet achieved profitability and anticipates that it will continue to incur net losses for the foreseeable future. Historically, the Company’s principal sources of cash have included proceeds from the issuance of common and preferred stock, proceeds from the exercise of warrants to purchase common stock, proceeds from the issuance of debt, and revenues from laboratory services. The Company’s principal uses of cash have included cash used in operations, payments relating to purchases of property and equipment and repayments of borrowings. The Company expects that the principal uses of cash in the future will be for continuing operations, hiring of sales and marketing personnel and increased sales and marketing activities, funding of research and development, capital expenditures, and general working capital requirements. The Company expects that, as revenues grow, sales and marketing and research and development expenses will continue to grow, albeit at a slower rate and, as a result, the Company will need to generate significant growth in net revenues to achieve and sustain income from operations. Subsequent to the closing of the Company’s public offering in February 2015, cash proceeds of approximately $9.8 million have been received by the Company from the exercise of warrants sold in this offering, while approximately $2.7 million in gross warrant proceeds remain outstanding and available to be exercised at $4.68 per share until their expiration in February 2020. In May 2015, the SEC declared effective a shelf registration statement filed by the Company. The shelf registration statement allows the Company to issue any combination of its common stock, preferred stock, debt securities and warrants from time to time for an aggregate initial offering price of up to $50 million, subject to certain limitations for so long as the Company’s public float is less than $75 million. A public offering of the Company’s common stock and warrants to purchase its common stock was effected under this shelf registration statement on April 29, 2016, the closing of which occurred on May 4, 2016, pursuant to which the Company received net cash proceeds of approximately $4.3 million (see Note 4). Subsequent to the closing of this public offering on May 4, 2016, no warrants sold in this offering have been exercised, with approximately $4.5 million in gross warrant proceeds remaining outstanding and available to be exercised at $3.90 per share until their expiration in May 2021. In connection with its public offering in May 2016, the Company has agreed to certain contractual terms that limit its ability to issue variable rate securities for a period of one year. The specific terms of additional future offerings, if any, under this shelf registration statement would be established at the time of such offerings. A public offering of the Company’s common stock and warrants to purchase its common stock was effected under an underwriting agreement dated October 14, 2016 between the Company, Roth Capital Partners, LLC and Feltl and Company, Inc., as underwriters named therein, the closing of which occurred on October 19, 2016, pursuant to which the Company received net cash proceeds of approximately $9.0 million (see Note 4). Subsequent to December 31, 2016, cash proceeds of approximately $5.3 million have been received by the Company from the exercise of warrants sold in this offering, while approximately $5.4 million in gross warrant proceeds remain outstanding and available to be exercised at $1.10 per share until their expiration in October 2021. Management’s Plan to Continue as a Going Concern In order to continue as a going concern, the Company will need, among other things, additional capital resources. Until the Company can generate significant cash from operations, including assay revenues, management’s plans to obtain such resources for the Company include proceeds from offerings of the Company’s equity securities or debt, or transactions involving product development, technology licensing or collaboration. Management can provide no assurances that any sources of a sufficient amount of financing will be available to the Company on favorable terms, if at all.

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies	12 Months Ended
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies	Dec. 31, 2016
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies	3. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Basis of Presentation The financial statements and accompanying notes are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation. On September 27, 2016, the Company’s stockholders approved, and the Company filed, an amendment to the Company’s amended and restated certificate of incorporation to effect a one-for-three reverse stock split of the Company’s outstanding common stock, and to increase the authorized number of shares of the Company’s common stock from 40,000,000 to 150,000,000 shares. The one-for-three reverse stock split was effected on September 29, 2016. As such, all references to share and per share amounts in these financial statements and accompanying notes have been retroactively restated to reflect the one-for-three reverse stock split, except for the authorized number of shares of the Company’s common stock of 150,000,000 shares, which was not affected by the one-for-three reverse stock split. Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. On an ongoing basis, management evaluates these estimates and judgments, including those related to inventories, long-lived assets, income taxes, and stock-based compensation. The Company bases its estimates on various assumptions that it believes are reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. Revenue Recognition Four basic criteria must be met before the Company recognizes revenue: (1) persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists; (2) delivery has occurred and title and the risks and rewards of ownership have been transferred to the client or services have been rendered; (3) the price is fixed or determinable; and (4) collectability is reasonably assured. For contract partners, revenue is recorded based upon the contractually agreed upon fee schedule. When assessing collectability, the Company considers whether there is sufficient payment history to reliably estimate a payor’s individual payment patterns. For new tests where there is limited evidence of payment history at the time the tests are completed, the Company recognizes revenue equal to the amount of cash received until such time as reimbursement experience can be established. Approximately 11% and 7% of the Company’s revenues for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2016, respectively, resulted from agreements with contracted partners not associated with third party insurance or payor reimbursement. This revenue is derived from clinical laboratory testing performed in the Company’s laboratories under agreements with such partners. As there is a contractually agreed upon price, and collectability from the partners is reasonably assured, revenues for these tests are recognized at the time the test is completed and results are delivered. Cash The Company places its cash with reputable financial institutions that are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, or FDIC. At times, deposits held may exceed the amount of insurance provided by the FDIC. The Company has not experienced any losses in its cash and believes they are not exposed to any significant credit risk. Fair Value Measurement The Company uses a three-tier fair value hierarchy to prioritize the inputs used in the Company’s fair value measurements. These tiers include: Level 1, defined as observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets for identical assets; Level 2, defined as inputs other than quoted prices in active markets that are either directly or indirectly observable; and Level 3, defined as unobservable inputs in which little or no market data exists, therefore requiring an entity to develop its own assumptions. The Company believes the carrying amount of cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued expenses approximate their estimated fair values due to the short-term maturities of these financial instruments. See Note 5 for further details about the inputs and assumptions used to determine fair value measurements. Concentration of Risk Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist principally of temporary cash investments. Concentrations of credit risk with respect to revenues are primarily limited to geographies to which the Company provides a significant volume of its services, and to specific third party payors of the Company’s services such as Medicare and individual insurance companies and other third party payors. The Company’s client base consists of a large number of geographically dispersed clients diversified across various customer types. Approximately 41% and 40% of the Company’s total revenues during the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2016, respectively, were associated with Medicare reimbursement. For the year ended December 31, 2015, the first, second, and third most significant third party payors not associated with Medicare reimbursement accounted for approximately 21%, 7%, and 6%, respectively, of total revenues. For the year ended December 31, 2016, the first, second, and third most significant third party payors not associated with Medicare reimbursement accounted for approximately 19%, 11%, and 9%, respectively, of total revenues. For the year ended December 31, 2015, the first, second, and third most significant individual clients or practices accounted for approximately 12%, 9%, and 5%, respectively, of total revenues. For the year ended December 31, 2016, the first, second, and third most significant individual clients or practices accounted for approximately 10%, 7%, and 4%, respectively, of total revenues. The Company operates in one reportable business segment and historically has derived most revenues only from the United States. Certain components used in the Company’s current or planned products are currently sourced from one supplier for which alternative suppliers exist, but the Company has not validated the product(s) of such alternative supplier(s), and substitutes for these components may not be obtained easily or may require substantial design or manufacturing modifications. Accounts Receivable Accounts receivable are carried at original invoice amounts, less an estimate for doubtful receivables, based on a review of all outstanding amounts on a periodic basis. The estimate for doubtful receivables is determined from an analysis of the accounts receivable on a quarterly basis, and is recorded as bad debt expense. As the Company only recognizes revenue to the extent collection is expected and reasonably assured, bad debt expense related to receivables from patient service revenue is recorded in general and administrative expense in the statement of operations and comprehensive loss. Accounts receivable are written off when deemed uncollectible. Recoveries of accounts receivable previously written off are recorded when received. As of December 31, 2015 and 2016, management determined that all of the amounts recorded as accounts receivable were collectible, and no allowance for doubtful accounts was needed. Inventories Inventories are valued at the lower of cost or market value. Cost is determined by the average cost method. The Company records adjustments to its inventory for estimated obsolescence or diminution in market value equal to the difference between the cost of the inventory and the estimated market value. At the point of loss recognition, a new cost basis for that inventory is established, and subsequent changes in facts and circumstances do not result in the restoration or increase in that newly established cost basis. In addition, the Company records a liability for firm, noncancelable, and unconditional purchase commitments with contract manufacturers and suppliers for quantities in excess of the Company’s future demand forecasts consistent with its valuation of excess and obsolete inventory. Fixed Assets Fixed assets consist of machinery and equipment, furniture and fixtures, computer equipment and software, leasehold improvements, financed equipment and construction in process. Fixed assets are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Additions, improvements, and major renewals are capitalized. Maintenance, repairs, and minor renewals are expensed as incurred. Depreciation is determined using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, which range from three to seven years. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the life of the lease or the asset, whichever is shorter. Depreciation expense for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2016 was approximately $261,000 and $322,000, respectively. Upon sale or disposal of fixed assets, the accounts are relieved of the cost and the related accumulated depreciation or amortization with any gain or loss recorded to the statement of operations and comprehensive loss. Fixed assets are reviewed for impairment whenever changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. These computations utilize judgments and assumptions inherent in the estimates of future cash flows to determine recoverability of these assets. If the assumptions about these assets were to change as a result of events or circumstances, the Company may be required to record an impairment loss. Stock-based Compensation The Company measures and recognizes compensation expense for all stock-based awards made to employees and directors based on their grant date fair values. The Company estimates the fair value of stock option awards on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model, while the fair value of restricted stock unit awards, or RSUs, is determined by the Company’s stock price on the date of grant. The value of the portion of the award that is ultimately expected to vest is recognized as expense over the requisite service periods using the straight-line method. The Company estimates forfeitures at the time of grant and revises these estimates in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates (see Note 10). The Company determines the fair value of the stock-based compensation awards granted as either the fair value of the consideration received or the fair value of the equity instruments issued, whichever is more reliably measurable. All issuances of equity instruments issued to non-employees as consideration for goods or services received by the Company are accounted for based on the fair value of the equity instruments issued. These awards are recorded in expense and additional paid-in capital in shareholders’ equity over the applicable service periods based on the fair value of the options at the end of each period. Calculating the fair value of stock-based awards requires the input of highly subjective assumptions into the Black-Scholes valuation model. Stock-based compensation expense is calculated using the Company’s best estimates, which involves inherent uncertainties, and the application of management’s judgment. Significant estimates include the expected life of the stock option, stock price volatility, risk-free interest rate and forfeiture rate. Research and Development Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. The amounts expensed in the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2016 were approximately $2,858,000 and $2,713,000, respectively, which includes salaries of research and development personnel. Income Taxes The Company provides for income taxes utilizing the liability method. Under the liability method, current income tax expense or benefit is the amount of income taxes expected to be payable or refundable for the current year. A deferred income tax asset or liability is computed for the expected future impact of differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities and for the expected future tax benefit to be derived from tax credits. Tax rate changes are reflected in the computation of the income tax provision during the period such changes are enacted. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when, in management’s opinion, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The Company considers the scheduled reversal of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income, and tax planning strategies in making this assessment. The Company’s valuation allowance is based on available evidence, including its current year operating loss, evaluation of positive and negative evidence with respect to certain specific deferred tax assets including evaluation sources of future taxable income to support the realization of the deferred tax assets. The Company has established a full valuation allowance on the deferred tax assets as of December 31, 2015 and 2016, and therefore has not recognized any income tax benefit or expense in the periods presented. A tax benefit from uncertain tax positions may be recognized by the Company when it is more-likely-than-not that the position will be sustained upon examination, including resolutions of any related appeals or litigation processes, based on the technical merits of the position. Income tax positions must meet a more-likely-than-not recognition threshold to be recognized. The Company recognizes interest and/or penalties related to income tax matters in income tax expense. There is no accrual for interest or penalties for income taxes on the balance sheets at December 31, 2015 and 2016, and the Company has not recognized interest and/or penalties in the statements of operations and comprehensive loss for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2016. Recent Accounting Pronouncements In May 2014, and as subsequently updated and amended from time to time, the FASB issued authoritative guidance that requires entities to recognize revenue when it transfers promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. This proposed guidance has been deferred and would be effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within that reporting period, and may be applied retrospectively to each prior period presented or retrospectively with the cumulative effect recognized as of the date of adoption. Earlier application is permitted only as of annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim periods within that reporting period. As the Company has not yet completed its final review of the impact of the new guidance but expects to during 2017, the Company has not determined whether the adoption of this guidance will have a material impact on its financial statements or disclosures. The Company is still evaluating disclosure requirements under the new guidance, and will continue to evaluate additional changes, modifications or interpretations to the guidance which may impact the current conclusions. The Company expects to adopt the new standard for the fiscal year beginning January 1, 2018 and has not yet determined whether the full or modified retrospective application method will be applied. In June 2014, the FASB issued authoritative guidance requiring share-based payments with a performance target which affects vesting and that could be achieved after the requisite service period be treated as a performance condition. This guidance is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2015. The Company adopted this guidance for the reporting period beginning on January 1, 2016. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements or disclosures. In August 2014, the FASB issued authoritative guidance requiring management to evaluate whether there are conditions or events that raise substantial doubt about the entity’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date that the financial statements are issued. Certain additional financial statement disclosures are required if such conditions or events are identified. This guidance is effective for the annual reporting period ending after December 15, 2016, and for annual periods and interim periods thereafter. Early adoption is permitted. The Company adopted this guidance during the year ended December 31, 2016. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements or disclosures. In July 2015, the FASB issued authoritative guidance requiring entities that do not measure inventory using the retail inventory method or on a last-in, first-out basis to record inventory at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Net realizable value is the estimated selling prices in the ordinary course of business, less reasonably predictable costs of completion, disposal, and transportation. This guidance is effective on a prospective basis for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. The Company adopted this guidance for the reporting period beginning January 1, 2017. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements or disclosures. In January 2016, the FASB issued authoritative guidance requiring, among other things, that certain equity investments be measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in net income, that financial assets and financial liabilities be presented separately by measurement category and form of financial asset on the balance sheet or the accompanying notes to the financial statements, that the prior requirement to disclose the method(s) and significant assumptions used to estimate the fair value that is required to be disclosed for financial instruments measured at amortized cost on the balance sheet be eliminated, and that a reporting organization is to present separately in other comprehensive income the portion of the total change in the fair value of a liability resulting from a change in the instrument-specific credit risk when the organization has elected to measure the liability at fair value in accordance with the fair value option for financial instruments. This guidance is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2017. Early adoption of the instrument-specific credit risk amendment is permitted. The Company expects to adopt this guidance for the fiscal year beginning on January 1, 2018, and does not anticipate that the adoption of this guidance will have a material impact on its financial statements or disclosures because the Company does not currently have any equity method investments. In February 2016, the FASB issued authoritative guidance requiring, among other things, that entities recognize the assets and liabilities arising from leases on the balance sheet under revised criteria, while the classification criteria for distinguishing between finance leases and operating leases are substantially similar to the classification criteria in the previous leases guidance. In transition, lessees and lessors are required to recognize and measure leases at the beginning of the earliest period presented using a modified retrospective approach. This guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. The Company anticipates that the adoption of this guidance will materially affect its statement of financial position and will require changes to its processes. The Company has not yet made any decision on the timing of adoption or method of adoption with respect to the optional practical expedients, but expects to during 2018. In March 2016, the FASB issued authoritative guidance clarifying that a change in the counterparty to a derivative instrument that has been designated as the hedging instrument does not necessarily require dedesignation of that hedging relationship, provided that all other applicable hedge accounting criteria continue to be met. This guidance is effective on either a prospective basis or modified retrospective basis for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. The Company adopted this guidance for the reporting period beginning January 1, 2017. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements or disclosures. In March 2016, the FASB issued authoritative guidance requiring entities to assess whether contingent call (put) options that can accelerate the payment of principal on debt instruments are clearly and closely related to their debt hosts, and clarifies what steps are required when assessing whether the economic characteristics and risks of call (put) options are clearly and closely related to the economic characteristics and risks of their debt hosts. This guidance is effective on a modified retrospective basis for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. The Company adopted this guidance for the reporting period beginning January 1, 2017. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements or disclosures. In March 2016, the FASB issued authoritative guidance simplifying the accounting for stock compensation. This guidance, among other things, amends existing accounting and classification requirements primarily around income taxes, forfeitures, and cash payments associated with share-based payment awards to employees. This guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. The Company adopted this guidance for the reporting period beginning January 1, 2017. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements or disclosures. In August 2016, the FASB issued authoritative guidance clarifying the classification of certain cash receipts and cash payments in the statement of cash flows. This guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years, on a retrospective transition method to each period presented. Early adoption is permitted. The Company currently intends to adopt this guidance for the fiscal year beginning on January 1, 2018, and does not anticipate that the adoption of this guidance will have a material impact on its financial statements or disclosures because the Company has not historically engaged in the transactions encompassed by the proposed guidance. In January 2017, the FASB issued authoritative guidance clarifying the definition of a business when evaluating transactions involving acquisitions or disposals of assets or businesses. This guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Certain applications of this guidance are permitted for early adoption. The Company currently intends to adopt this guidance for the fiscal year beginning on January 1, 2018, and does not anticipate that the adoption of this guidance will have a material impact on its financial statements or disclosures because the Company has not historically acquired or disposed of material assets or businesses.

Sales of Equity Securities	12 Months Ended
Sales of Equity Securities	Dec. 31, 2016
Equity [Abstract]
Sales of Equity Securities	4. Sales of Equity Securities Pursuant to an underwriting agreement dated February 9, 2015 between the Company, Aegis Capital Corp. and Feltl and Company, Inc., as underwriters named therein, a public offering of 2,666,666 shares of the Company’s common stock and warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 2,666,666 shares of common stock was effected at a combined offering price of $3.75. The estimated grant date fair value of these warrants of $7.7 million was recorded as an offset to additional paid-in capital within common stock issuance upon the closing of this offering. All warrants sold in this offering have a per share exercise price of $4.68, are exercisable immediately and expire five years from the date of issuance. The closing of the sale of these securities to the underwriters occurred on February 13, 2015, when the Company received, after deducting $1.2 million of costs directly associated with the offering that were recorded as an offset to additional paid-in capital under applicable accounting guidance, $8.8 million of net cash proceeds. Additionally, the underwriters were granted a 45-day option to purchase up to 400,000 additional shares of common stock at a price of $3.75 per share and/or additional warrants to purchase up to 400,000 shares of common stock at a price of $0.0003 per warrant, less underwriting discounts and commissions, to cover overallotments, if any, which was not exercised. The estimated grant date fair value of the overallotment options and warrants of $1.6 million was recorded as an offset to additional paid-in capital within common stock issuance costs upon the closing of this offering. Subsequent to the closing of this offering on February 13, 2015, additional cash proceeds of $9.8 million have been received from the exercise of warrants sold in this offering. As such, the aggregate total net increase in capital related to this offering has been approximately $18.6 million. In May 2015, the SEC declared effective a shelf registration statement filed by the Company. The shelf registration statement allows the Company to issue any combination of its common stock, preferred stock, debt securities and warrants from time to time for an aggregate initial offering price of up to $50 million, subject to certain limitations for so long as the Company’s public float is less than $75 million. Pursuant to an exclusive placement agent agreement dated April 25, 2016 between the Company and H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC, or Wainwright, and a securities purchase agreement dated April 29, 2016 between the Company and the purchasers signatory thereto, a public offering of 1,662,191 shares of the Company’s common stock and warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 1,163,526 shares of common stock was effected under this registration statement at a combined offering price of $3.00. All warrants sold in this offering have a per share exercise price of $3.90, are exercisable immediately and expire five years from the date of issuance. The closing of the sale of these securities to the purchasers occurred on May 4, 2016, pursuant to which the Company received, after deducting $0.7 million of costs directly associated with the offering that were recorded as an offset to additional paid-in capital under applicable accounting guidance, approximately $4.3 million of net cash proceeds. Subsequent to the closing of this public offering on May 4, 2016, no warrants sold in this offering have been exercised, with approximately $4.5 million in gross warrant proceeds remaining outstanding and available to be exercised at $3.90 per share until their expiration in May 2021. In connection with its public offering in May 2016, the Company has agreed to certain contractual terms that limit its ability to issue variable rate securities for a period of one year. The specific terms of additional future offerings, if any, under this shelf registration statement would be established at the time of such offerings. On December 21, 2015, the Company entered into a common stock purchase agreement with Aspire Capital Fund, LLC, or Aspire Capital, which committed to purchase up to an aggregate of $15.0 million of shares of the Company’s common stock over the 30-month term of the common stock purchase agreement. On November 4, 2016, the Company voluntarily terminated this common stock purchase agreement. Upon execution of the common stock purchase agreement, the Company sold to Aspire Capital 208,334 shares of common stock at $4.80 per share for proceeds of $1,000,000, and concurrently also entered into a registration rights agreement with Aspire Capital, pursuant to which the Company filed a registration statement registering the sale of the shares of the Company’s common stock that were issued to Aspire Capital under the common stock purchase agreement. In consideration for entering into, and concurrently with the execution of, the common stock purchase agreement, the Company issued to Aspire Capital 55,000 shares of its common stock. The proceeds received by the Company under the common stock purchase agreement were used for working capital and general corporate purposes. During the year ended December 31, 2016, the Company submitted purchase notices to Aspire Capital for an aggregate of 173,145 shares of common stock for gross proceeds of $544,051. Costs associated with this offering of approximately $42,000 and $79,000 during the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2016, respectively, were also recorded to common stock issuance costs under applicable accounting guidance, and as such, the total net increase in capital related to these transactions were approximately $1.4 million. Pursuant to an underwriting agreement dated October 14, 2016 between the Company, Roth Capital Partners, LLC and Feltl and Company, Inc., as underwriters named therein, a public offering of 9,100,000 shares of the Company’s common stock and warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 9,100,000 shares of common stock was effected at a combined offering price of $1.10. The estimated grant date fair value of these warrants of approximately $5.2 million was recorded as an offset to additional paid-in capital within common stock issuance upon the closing of this offering (see Note 5). Additionally, the underwriters were granted a 30-day option to purchase up to 1,365,000 additional shares of common stock at a price of $1.0331 per share, net of the underwriting discount, and/or additional warrants to purchase up to 1,365,000 shares of common stock at a price of $0.0009 per warrant to cover overallotments, if any, of which the underwriters have exercised their overallotment option to purchase 627,131 option warrants for total proceeds to the Company of $564. The estimated aggregate grant date fair value of the overallotment options and warrants of approximately $0.8 million was recorded as an offset to additional paid-in capital within common stock issuance costs upon the closing of this offering (see Note 5). All warrants sold in this offering have a per share exercise price of $1.10, are exercisable immediately and expire five years from the date of issuance. The closing of the sale of these securities to the underwriters occurred on October 19, 2016, when the Company received, after deducting $1.0 million of costs directly associated with the offering that were recorded as an offset to additional paid-in capital under applicable accounting guidance, $9.0 million of net cash proceeds. Subsequent to December 31, 2016, approximately $5.3 million of additional cash proceeds had been received from the exercise of warrants sold in this offering (see Note 18). As such, the total net increase in capital as a result of the sale of these shares and warrants has been $14.3 million.

Fair Value Measurement

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair Value Measurement

5. Fair Value Measurement

The estimated fair value of the April 2014 Credit Facility at December 31, 2016 approximated carrying value, which was determined using a discounted cash flow analysis. The analysis considered interest rates of instruments with similar maturity dates, which involved the use of significant unobservable Level 3 inputs.

In connection with the closing of the Company’s February 2015 public offering, warrants were issued to buy (in the aggregate) up to 2,666,666 shares of common stock with an estimated grant date fair value of approximately $7.7 million, which was recorded as an offset to additional paid-in capital within common stock issuance costs. Also in connection with the closing of the Company’s follow-on public offering on February 13, 2015, the underwriters were granted a 45 day option from the closing date of the offering to purchase up to 400,000 additional shares of common stock at a price of $3.75 per share and/or additional warrants to purchase up to 400,000 shares of common stock at a price of $0.0003 per warrant, less underwriting discounts and commissions, to cover over-allotments, if any. The estimated aggregate grant date fair value of these over-allotment options and warrants of approximately $1.6 million was also recorded to common stock issuance costs as a component of additional paid-in capital. The fair values of these over-allotment options and all common stock warrants issued in this offering were estimated using Black-Scholes valuation models with the following assumptions:

	Over-allotment Options			Warrants
Stock price	$	4.23		$	4.23
Exercise price	$	3.75		$	4.68
Expected dividend yield		0.00	%		0.00	%
Discount rate-bond equivalent yield		0.02	%		1.53	%
Expected life (in years)		0.12			5.00
Expected volatility		168.1	%		90.0	%

As of the closing of the Company’s May 2016 public offering, the estimated grant date fair value of $1.72 per share associated with the warrants to purchase 1,163,526 shares of common stock issued in this offering, or a total of approximately $2.0 million, was recorded as an offset to additional paid-in capital within common stock issuance costs, and was estimated using a Black-Scholes valuation model with the following assumptions:

Stock price	$	2.70
Exercise price	$	3.90
Expected dividend yield		0.00	%
Discount rate-bond equivalent yield		1.23	%
Expected life (in years)		5.00
Expected volatility		90.0	%

As of the closing of the Company’s October 2016 public offering, the estimated grant date fair value of $0.57 per share associated with the warrants to purchase 9,100,000 shares of common stock issued in this offering, or a total of approximately $5.2 million, was recorded as an offset to additional paid-in capital within common stock issuance costs. Additionally, the underwriters were granted a 30-day option to purchase up to 1,365,000 additional shares of common stock at a price of $1.0331 per share, net of the underwriting discount, and/or additional warrants to purchase up to 1,365,000 shares of common stock at a price of $0.0009 per warrant to cover overallotments, if any. The estimated fair value of the overallotment options of approximately $0.8 million was also recorded as an offset to additional paid-in capital within common stock issuance costs. The fair values of these instruments were estimated using a Black-Scholes valuation model with the following assumptions:

	Overallotment Options			Warrants
Stock price	$	0.93		$	0.93
Exercise price	$	1.0331		$	1.10
Expected dividend yield		0.00	%		0.00	%
Discount rate-bond equivalent yield		0.25	%		1.24	%
Expected life (in years)		0.08			5.00
Expected volatility		12.9	%		80.0	%

- Definition

The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information.

+ References + Details

Balance Sheet Details

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Organization Consolidation And Presentation Of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Balance Sheet Details

6. Balance Sheet Details

The following provides certain balance sheet details:

	December 31,			December 31,
	2015			2016
Fixed Assets
Machinery and equipment	$	2,518,158		$	2,728,468
Furniture and office equipment		143,726			143,726
Computer equipment and software		577,898			620,582
Leasehold improvements		514,614			517,968
Financed equipment		914,179			1,559,690
Construction in process		70,815			169,896
		4,739,390			5,740,330
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization		(3,793,210	)		(3,933,999	)
Total fixed assets, net	$	946,180		$	1,806,331
Accrued Liabilities
Accrued interest	$	28,981		$	20,776
Accrued payroll		128,753			168,727
Accrued vacation		307,845			364,953
Accrued bonuses		376,100			422,868
Accrued sales commissions		76,574			77,844
Current portion of deferred rent		31,170			67,085
Accrued other		17,476			37,783
Total accrued liabilities	$	966,899		$	1,160,036

During the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2016, non-financed equipment fixed assets with aggregate gross book values and corresponding accumulated depreciation amounts of approximately $1,076,000 and $77,000, respectively, were disposed of or sold. Total cash proceeds of $30,662 were received upon the sale of fixed assets during the year ended December 31, 2016.

April 2014 Credit Facility	12 Months Ended
April 2014 Credit Facility	Dec. 31, 2016
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]
April 2014 Credit Facility	7. April 2014 Credit Facility On April 30, 2014, the Company received net cash proceeds of approximately $4,898,000 pursuant to the execution of the April 2014 Credit Facility with Oxford Finance LLC. Upon the entry into the April 2014 Credit Facility, the Company was required to pay the lender a facility fee of $50,000 in conjunction with the funding of the term loan. The April 2014 Credit Facility is secured by substantially all of the Company’s personal property other than its intellectual property. Amounts due to Oxford Finance LLC under the April 2014 Credit Facility are callable before maturity by the lender under certain subjective acceleration clauses of the underlying agreement, including changes deemed to be materially adverse by the lender. The term loan under the April 2014 Credit Facility bears interest at an annual rate equal to the greater of (i) 7.95% or (ii) the sum of (a) the three-month U.S. LIBOR rate reported in the Wall Street Journal three business days prior to the funding date of the term loan, plus (b) 7.71%. The term loan bears interest at an annual rate of 7.95%. The Company was required to make interest-only payments on the term loan through August 1, 2015. The outstanding term loan under the April 2014 Credit Facility began amortizing at the end of the applicable interest-only period, with monthly payments of principal and interest being made by the Company to the lender in consecutive monthly installments following such interest-only period. The term loan under the April 2014 Credit Facility matures on July 1, 2018. Under the original terms of the underlying agreement, the Company is also required to make a final payment to the lender equal to 5.5% of the original principal amount of the term loan funded. At its option, the Company may prepay the outstanding principal balance of the term loan in whole but not in part, subject to a prepayment fee of 1% of any amount prepaid. On June 30, 2016, the Company entered into an amendment of the April 2014 Credit Facility. This amendment required the Company to make interest-only payments on the term loan from July 1, 2016 through September 30, 2016, and also requires an additional final payment of $50,000 to the lender. The terms of the amendment require the amortization of the outstanding amount due under the term loan to commence at the end of the applicable interest-only period, with monthly payments of principal and interest, in arrears, being made by the Company to the lender in consecutive monthly installments following such interest-only period. Additionally, pursuant to the amendment the aggregate outstanding principal amount of the Company’s permitted indebtedness, consisting of capitalized lease obligations and purchase money indebtedness outstanding at any time, was increased to $1.2 million. The June 30, 2016 amendment of the April 2014 Credit Facility was accounted for as a modification of debt under applicable accounting guidance. On March 27, 2017, the Company received a waiver from the lender regarding exceeding the permitted indebtedness limit during the month ended January 31, 2017. The April 2014 Credit Facility includes affirmative and negative covenants applicable to the Company and any subsidiaries created in the future. The affirmative covenants include, among others, covenants requiring the Company to maintain its legal existence and governmental approvals, deliver certain financial reports and maintain insurance coverage. The negative covenants include, among others, restrictions on transferring collateral, incurring additional indebtedness, engaging in mergers or acquisitions, paying dividends or making other distributions, making investments, creating liens, selling assets, and suffering a change in control, in each case subject to certain exceptions. The April 2014 Credit Facility also includes events of default, the occurrence and continuation of which provide Oxford Finance LLC, as collateral agent, with the right to exercise remedies against the Company and the collateral securing the term loan under the April 2014 Credit Facility, including foreclosure against the Company’s properties securing the April 2014 Credit Facility, including its cash. These events of default include, among other things, the Company’s failure to pay any amounts due under the April 2014 Credit Facility, a breach of covenants under the April 2014 Credit Facility, insolvency, a material adverse change, the occurrence of any default under certain other indebtedness in an amount greater than $250,000, and a final judgment against the Company in an amount greater than $250,000. A warrant to purchase up to 17,655 shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $14.16 per share with a term of 10 years was issued to Oxford Finance LLC on April 30, 2014. Issuance costs of $102,498 associated with the term loan under the April 2014 Credit Facility were recorded as a discount to outstanding debt as of the closing date, resulting in net proceeds of $4,897,502. The estimated fair value of the warrant issued of $233,107 was also recorded as a discount to outstanding debt as of the closing date. The discounts and other issuance costs are amortized to interest expense utilizing the effective interest method over the underlying term of the loan, with a total unamortized discount of $78,408 remaining at December 31, 2016. The effective annual interest rate associated with the April 2014 Credit Facility was 11.50% and 13.87% at December 31, 2015 and 2016, respectively. As of December 31, 2016, total principal payments of $1,934,665 and $1,201,409 were due under the April 2014 Credit Facility during the years ending December 31, 2017 and 2018, respectively.

Equipment Financings

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Capital Lease Obligations [Abstract]

Equipment Financings

8. Equipment Financings

The Company leases certain laboratory equipment under arrangements accounted for as capital leases and classified as equipment financings. The financed equipment is depreciated on a straight-line basis over periods ranging from 5 to 7 years. The total gross value of fixed assets capitalized under such financing arrangements was $914,179 and $1,559,690 at December 31, 2015 and 2016, respectively. Total accumulated depreciation related to financed equipment was approximately $523,000 and $525,000 at December 31, 2015 and 2016, respectively. Total depreciation expense related to financed equipment was approximately $73,000 and $119,000 for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2016, respectively. Fixed assets purchased totaling $337,085 and $975,406 during the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2016, respectively, were recorded as equipment financings. During the year ended December 31, 2016, fixed assets with an aggregate net book value of $270,377, which had previously been recorded as equipment financings with remaining outstanding balances owed totaling $239,994, were effectively disposed of and replaced with upgraded equipment recorded as equipment financings. The aggregate weighted average effective annual interest rate related to the equipment financings is 13.18% at December 31, 2016, and the maturity dates on such outstanding arrangements range from July 2017 to May 2023.

The following schedule sets forth the future minimum lease payments outstanding under financed equipment arrangements, as well as corresponding laboratory equipment maintenance obligations that are expensed and accrued as incurred, and due within each respective year ending December 31, as well as the present value of the minimum lease payments as of December 31, 2016:

	Minimum		Maintenance
	Lease		Obligation
	Payments		Payments
2017	$	274,367	$	27,495
2018		242,040		27,490
2019		205,067		26,733
2020		203,107		26,664
2021		203,107		26,664
Thereafter		381,354		37,774
Total payments		1,509,042		172,820
Less amount representing interest		467,725		—
Present value of payments	$	1,041,317	$	172,820

At December 31, 2016, the present value of minimum lease payments due within one year was $262,674.

Stock-Based Compensation

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Disclosure Of Compensation Related Costs Sharebased Payments [Abstract]

Stock-Based Compensation

10. Stock-Based Compensation

On September 29, 2016, the Company effected a one-for-three reverse stock split of all common shares outstanding. The following per share amounts and share numbers have been adjusted for this reverse stock split as if it had occurred on December 31, 2014.

Equity Incentive Plans

The Company maintains two equity incentive plans: The Amended and Restated 2013 Equity Incentive Plan, or the 2013 Plan, and the 2007 Equity Incentive Plan, or the 2007 Plan. The 2013 Plan includes a provision that shares available for grant under the Company’s 2007 Plan become available for issuance under the 2013 Plan and are no longer available for issuance under the 2007 Plan. On July 25, 2016, the Company’s Board of Directors approved an amendment to the 2013 Plan to reserve 1,000,000 shares on a pre-reverse stock split basis, or 333,333 shares on a post-reverse stock split basis, of the Company’s common stock exclusively for the grant of stock awards to employees who have not previously been an employee or director of the Company, except following a bona fide period of non-employment, as an inducement material to the individual’s entering into employment with the Company, as defined under applicable Nasdaq Listing Rules. In conjunction with the one-for-three reverse split of the Company’s common stock effected on September 29, 2016, the number of non-inducement shares authorized under all plans decreased from 3,068,865 to 1,022,955 shares, and the number of inducement shares authorized under the 2013 Plan decreased from 1,000,000 shares to 333,333 shares. As of December 31, 2016, under all plans, a total of 1,022,955 non-inducement shares were authorized for issuance, 987,394 shares had been issued, 945,912 non-inducement stock options and RSUs were outstanding, and 35,561 non-inducement shares were available for grant. As of December 31, 2016, a total of 333,333 inducement shares were authorized for issuance, 124,999 inducement stock options and RSUs had been issued and were outstanding, and 208,334 inducement shares were available for grant under the 2013 Plan.

Stock Options

Non-performance options granted under either plan vest over a maximum period of four years and expire ten years from the date of grant. Non-performance options generally vest either (i) over four years, 25% on the one year anniversary of the date of grant and monthly thereafter for the remaining three years; or (ii) over four years, monthly vesting beginning month-one after the grant and monthly thereafter.

The fair value of stock options is determined on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes valuation model. For non-performance awards, such value is recognized as expense over the requisite service period, net of estimated forfeitures, using the straight-line method. The amount and timing of compensation expense recognized for performance awards is based on management’s estimate of the most likely outcome and when the achievement of the performance objectives is probable. The determination of the fair value of stock options is affected by the Company’s stock price, as well as assumptions regarding a number of complex and subjective variables. The volatility assumption is based on a combination of the historical volatility of the Company’s common stock and the volatilities of similar companies over a period of time equal to the expected term of the stock options. The volatilities of similar companies are used in conjunction with the Company’s historical volatility because of the lack of sufficient relevant history for the Company’s common stock equal to the expected term. The expected term of employee stock options represents the weighted-average period the stock options are expected to remain outstanding. The expected term assumption is estimated based primarily on the options’ vesting terms and remaining contractual life and employees’ expected exercise and post-vesting employment termination behavior. The risk-free interest rate assumption is based upon observed interest rates on the grant date appropriate for the term of the employee stock options. The dividend yield assumption is based on the expectation of no future dividend payouts by the Company.

The assumptions used in the Black-Scholes pricing model for options granted during the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2016 are as follows:

	2015		2016
Stock and exercise prices	$4.14 - $10.14		$0.775 - $4.02
Expected dividend yield		0.00%		0.00%
Discount rate-bond equivalent yield	1.52% – 1.94%		0.99% – 2.11%
Expected life (in years)	5.23 – 6.08		5.13 – 6.08
Expected volatility	70.0% – 100.0%		80.0% – 90.0%

Using the assumptions described above, with stock and exercise prices being equal on date of grant, the weighted-average estimated fair value of options granted in 2015 and 2016 were approximately $3.96 and $1.79 per share, respectively.

A summary of stock option activity for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2016 is as follows:

						Weighted Average
				Weighted		Remaining
	Number of			Average Exercise		Contractual
	Shares			Price Per Share		Term in Years
Outstanding at December 31, 2014		302,015		$	18.88		9.0
Granted		441,288		$	6.01
Exercised		—			—
Cancelled/forfeited/expired		(29,644	)	$	13.83
Outstanding at December 31, 2015		713,659		$	11.03		8.8
Granted		290,399		$	2.51
Exercised		—			—
Cancelled/forfeited/expired		(107,396	)	$	7.99
Outstanding at December 31, 2016		896,662		$	8.80		8.5
Vested and unvested expected to vest, December 31, 2016		801,529		$	9.26		8.0

The intrinsic values of options outstanding at December 31, 2015 and 2016, as well as options vested and unvested expected to vest at December 31, 2016, were zero. The total weighted-average grant date fair values of the 75,455 and 218,688 stock options vested during the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2016, respectively, were $1,185,128 and $1,563,378, respectively.

Further information about the options outstanding and exercisable at December 31, 2016 is as follows:

				Weighted
Weighted				Average
Average		Total Shares		Contractual		Total Shares
Exercise Price		Outstanding		Life (in years)		Exercisable
$	0.78		13,771		10.0		—
$	1.93		184,073		9.6		42,082
$	4.06		118,342		9.1		67,919
$	6.37		336,406		8.7		149,981
$	15.26		139,104		6.8		116,789
$	26.45		104,966		7.1		78,466
			896,662				455,237

The intrinsic value of options exercisable at December 31, 2016 was zero.

On August 31, 2015, the Company’s Board of Directors approved the issuance of 33,333 stock options with an estimated grant date fair value of $4.40 per share and an exercise price of $6.03 per share to its Chief Executive Officer pursuant to the 2013 Plan. On February 29, 2016, the Company’s Board of Directors approved the issuance of 33,333 stock options with an estimated grant date fair value of $2.87 per share and an exercise price of $4.02 per share to its Chief Executive Officer pursuant to the 2013 Plan. Vesting of these stock options was based on the Company’s achievement of specified objectives by December 31, 2016 as determined by the Company’s Board of Directors or Compensation Committee. Subsequent to the year ended December 31, 2016, 6,333 of the performance stock options granted on August 31, 2015 and 10,000 of the performance stock options granted on February 29, 2016 were declared vested by our Board of Directors in satisfaction of these awards, and the remaining 50,333 shares underlying these awards were forfeited.

On July 25, 2016, the Company entered into an employment agreement with its new Chief Financial Officer, Senior Vice President of Operations and Secretary, or CFO. Pursuant to the terms of this employment agreement, on July 29, 2016 the CFO was granted inducement stock option awards with an exercise price of $1.95 per share to purchase up to (i) 66,666 shares of the Company’s common stock with an estimated grant date fair value of $1.45 per share, 25% of which will vest on the one-year anniversary of the commencement of the CFO’s employment with the Company, and remainder of which will vest in equal monthly installments over the following three years, and (ii) 33,333 shares of the Company’s common stock with an estimated grant date fair value of $1.26 per share, which vest upon the Company’s achievement of specified corporate goals for 2016 and the consummation of a specified financing transaction. Subsequent to the year ended December 31, 2016, 16,383 stock options were declared vested by our Board of Directors in satisfaction of the 33,333 performance option award granted on July 29, 2016, and the remaining 16,950 shares underlying this award was forfeited.

Restricted Stock

The fair value of RSUs awarded under either plan is determined by the closing price of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant. For non-performance RSUs, such value is recognized as expense over the requisite service period, net of estimated forfeitures, using the straight-line method. The amount and timing of compensation expense recognized for RSUs is based on management’s estimate of the most likely outcome and when the achievement of the performance objectives is probable.

A summary of RSU activity during 2015 and 2016 is as follows:

				Weighted
	Number of			Average Grant
	Shares			Date Fair Value
Outstanding at December 31, 2014		83,755		$	15.43
Granted		—			—
Issued		(58,003	)	$	15.56
Forfeited		—			—
Outstanding at December 31, 2015		25,752		$	15.12
Granted		165,829		$	1.96
Issued		(4,449	)	$	16.05
Forfeited		(12,883	)	$	13.34
Outstanding at December 31, 2016		174,249		$	2.68
Vested and unvested expected to vest, December 31, 2016		171,667		$	2.69

On June 12, 2014, the Company’s Board of Directors approved the grant of 14,832 RSUs with a grant date fair value of $16.05 per share to its Chief Executive Officer pursuant to the 2013 Plan. Vesting of these RSUs was based on the Company’s achievement of specified objectives by December 31, 2015 as determined by the Company’s Board of Directors or Compensation Committee. During the year ended December 31, 2016, a total of 4,449 RSUs were declared vested by the Company’s Board of Directors and issued to its Chief Executive Officer in satisfaction of the June 12, 2014 RSU award, and the remaining 10,383 shares underlying this award were forfeited.

The RSUs granted during the year ended December 31, 2016 vest fully on the one year anniversary of the date of grant, subject to continuing service by the holders of such RSUs. At December 31, 2016, the intrinsic values of RSUs outstanding and RSUs unvested and expected to vest were $135,043 and $133,042, respectively.

On July 6, 2016, the Compensation Committee of the Company’s Board of Directors approved retention RSUs for an aggregate of 58,332 shares of common stock to three of the Company’s executive officers pursuant to the 2013 Plan, including retention RSUs for 25,000 shares of common stock to its Chief Executive Officer. Each of these retention RSUs has a grant date fair value of $1.86 per share for a grant date fair value of $108,498 to all three officers, in aggregate. These retention RSUs vest fully on the one year anniversary of the date of grant, subject to continuing service by the holders of such RSUs.

Pursuant to the terms of the Company’s employment agreement with its CFO dated July 25, 2016, the CFO was granted an inducement RSU award on July 29, 2016 covering 25,000 shares of the Company’s common stock with a grant date fair value of $1.95 per share, 100% of which will vest on the one-year anniversary of the commencement of the CFO’s employment with the Company.

Stock-based Compensation Expense

The following table presents the effects of stock-based compensation related to equity awards to employees and nonemployees on the statement of operations during the periods presented:

	Years Ended December 31,
	2015		2016
Stock Options
Cost of revenues	$	68,660	$	115,266
Research and development expenses		103,138		123,330
General and administrative expenses		933,018		1,071,490
Sales and marketing expenses		149,917		142,741
Total expenses related to stock options		1,254,733		1,452,827
RSUs
Cost of revenues		—		32,338
Research and development expenses		10,724		30,261
General and administrative expenses		112,367		38,274
Sales and marketing expenses		—		40,247
Total stock-based compensation	$	1,377,824	$	1,593,947

Stock-based compensation expense was recorded net of estimated forfeitures of 0% - 4% and 0% - 8% per annum during the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2016, respectively. As of December 31, 2016, total unrecognized share-based compensation expense related to unvested stock options and RSUs, adjusted for estimated forfeitures, was approximately $1,611,000, and is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of approximately 2.1 years.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for compensation-related costs for equity-based compensation, which may include disclosure of policies, compensation plan details, allocation of equity compensation, incentive distributions, equity-based arrangements to obtain goods and services, deferred compensation arrangements, employee stock ownership plan details and employee stock purchase plan details.

+ References + Details

Supplier Financings	12 Months Ended
Supplier Financings	Dec. 31, 2016
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]
Supplier Financings	9. Supplier Financings In 2015 and 2016, the Company obtained third-party financing for certain business insurance premiums. The 2015 and 2016 financings bear interest rates ranging from 3.75% to 5.95% per annum, and all financing is due within one year. The balances due under these annual financing arrangements were approximately $42,000 and $76,000 as of December 31, 2015 and 2016, respectively.

Common Stock Warrants Outstanding	12 Months Ended
Common Stock Warrants Outstanding	Dec. 31, 2016
Other Liabilities Disclosure [Abstract]
Common Stock Warrants Outstanding	11. Common Stock Warrants Outstanding On September 29, 2016, the Company effected a one-for-three reverse stock split of all common shares outstanding. The following